Sources

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Facts in this documentation come from the product’s engineering documents, from field material and from the presentations below. The engineering documents are the authority when they disagree with these pages.

Engineering documents (product repository)

Topic	Document
Operator workflow, LEDs, recovery, map data pack	`operator-guide.md`
App product specification	`gui-product-spec.md`
Board, pins, evidence levels	`hardware-contract.md`
Power tree, rails, battery policy, energy estimates	`power-management.md`
Status LED patterns and energy	`status-leds.md`
Flash partitions, queue, system state	`flash-layout.md`
Receiver configuration and constellations	`gnss-profile.md`
Iridium compact format, sizes, examples	`iridium-compact-format.md`
Modem state machine, budget, billing	`rockblock-9704.md`
Cloudloop account and destinations	`cloudloop-setup.md`, `iridium-ingest.md`
Campaign mode	`experimental-campaign.md`
Science validation (synthetic arcs, RMSE)	`science-validation.md`, `science-validation-results.md`
Lake test protocol	`water-field-test.md`
Release, versions, distribution channel	`release.md`, `CHANGELOG.md`

TAHMO WLM documentation

van de Giesen, N., De Laere, T., van Driel, J., van der Bijl, W., and Loen, S.: A Low-Cost Flood-Proof Water Level Measurement System, Using GNSS Reflectrometry, EGU General Assembly 2026, EGU26-75, doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu26-75. TU Delft’s presentation of the hardware (TEMBO Africa project, with TAHMO and GReD as partners).
WLM Assembly Manual, WLM User Manual and the Design documentation of the TAHMO Water Level Monitor (WLM) system (TAHMO; hardware design with TU Delft): hardware only — assembly steps and photos, mounting, switch and LED behaviour, battery and charging design. Their photos and diagrams are used with credit “TAHMO WLM manual”. TAHMO’s software, configuration and measurement settings are not used: the diagrams of the measurement window are our own.
TAHMO WLM flasher page and firmware image (wlm-firmware.uf2): the BOOTSEL procedure of the first installation. The cut-out photo of the unit is from TAHMO’s WLM documentation.

Field data

Lake Como (Cernobbio), 2026-10-01: session exports and USB journals in the GReD experiment archive.
Lake Lugano, 2026-10-16: Iridium message in the Cloudloop console, decoded with the product’s own decoder.
Photos taken on site (location metadata removed for publication).

Presentations

A. Gatti, GNSS Reflectometry applied to low-cost ground receivers, IGiG seminar, Wrocław, 2024: GNSS signal, Fresnel zones, polarisation and reflection effects, water reflectometry, from SNR to reflector height, alternatives (inverse modelling, wavelets), corrections, reservoirs and dams, site requirements.
SMILE summer school — short GNSS intro, 2025: GNSS fundamentals.

Publications

Larson, K. M., Löfgren, J. S., Haas, R. (2013). Coastal sea level measurements using a single geodetic GPS receiver. Adv. Space Res. 51(8), 1301–1310. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.04.017
Larson, K. M., Ray, R. D., Nievinski, F. G., Freymueller, J. T. (2013). The accidental tide gauge: a GPS reflection case study from Kachemak Bay, Alaska. IEEE GRSL 10(5), 1200–1204. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2012.2236075
Strandberg, J., Hobiger, T., Haas, R. (2016). Improving GNSS-R sea level determination through inverse modeling of SNR data. Radio Science 51(8), 1286–1296. doi:10.1002/2016RS006057
Wang, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, S. (2019). Sea level estimation from SNR data of geodetic receivers using wavelet analysis. GPS Solutions 23(1). doi:10.1007/s10291-018-0798-7
Williams, S. D. P., Nievinski, F. G. (2017). Tropospheric delays in ground-based GNSS multipath reflectometry. JGR Solid Earth 122(3), 2310–2327. doi:10.1002/2016JB013612
Lehner, B., Messager, M. L. et al., HydroLAKES v1.0 (lake shorelines, CC BY 4.0), used for the offline map data pack.

Component documents

u-blox SAM-M10Q data sheet; u-blox M10 SPG 5.10 interface description.
Ground Control RockBLOCK 9704 documentation and Cloudloop knowledge base.
Raspberry Pi RP2350 data sheet; TI TPL5010, BQ25176M; Analog Devices LTC2960 data sheets.